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## Absolute Cell References

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There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. Relative and absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant, no matter where they are copied.

There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when filling cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or column constant.

An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the column reference (a LETTER), the row reference (a NUMBER), or both. •$A1 means that the column will not change when copying or dragging the cell
• A$1 means that the row number will not change when copying or dragging the cell •$A\$1 means that neither the row or the column will change when copying or dragging the cell information

When writing a formula, you can press the F4 key on your keyboard to switch between relative and absolute cell references. This is an easy way to quickly insert an absolute cell reference.

##### Video

Let's see how this works when applied to a worksheet

Remember, using the F4 key will switch between absolute and relative cell references